The Latino Resource Since 1999!

 New issue arrives March 1st 2012!

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Day of the Dead:
Expressing culture with ink
by: Woody Stevens

El Día de los Muertos (Day of the Dead) is often seen in the United States as the Mexican equivalent of Halloween, a day filled with spooky costumes, ghosts and goblins. However, the traditions behind El Día de los Muertos could not be any more different than the October holiday in the United States.
The celebration of El Día de los Muertos has its origins in pre-colonial Latin America, mainly from the Mexico region. It was the Aztecs who began the traditions that would eventually evolve into the popular holiday of El Día de los Muertos. In Aztec culture the role of ancestral spirits affected day-to-day activities and stressed the importance of maintaining a connection that encouraged communication between the living and the dead. For the Aztecs, gifts and charms given to the deceased helped them on their journey to Mictlan (the underworld). One of the most important spirits for the Aztecs is the goddess Mictecacihuatl, Queen of Mictlan and keeper of the bones. One Aztec legend tells of a story where the god Quetzalcoatl stole bones from Mictlan and brought them back to the living world to create humans. Also known as Santa Muerte or Lady Death, her image is often seen on altars or banners during modern festivities or is believed to be the one who escorts souls back to living world.
Just as in Aztec culture where communication with the dead spirits remained important, El Día de los Muertos emphasizes these traditions. Deceased family members’ spirits are encouraged to return to the land of the living by gifts of their favorite foods or toys placed on their tomb. Often families spend hours cleaning a relative’s tomb and decorating it to encourage the spirit’s return. While the holiday was originally celebrated between August and July, Spanish Missionaries moved the date to the existing Catholic holiday of All Saint’s Day, November 1st, just as All Saint’s Day had previously been moved from March to November to coincide with a pagan holiday. Eventually All Saint’s Day became All Hallows Eve, resulting in Halloween. This similar change in dates is part of the reason for the close association between Halloween and El Día de los Muertos.
Many Latin American tattoo artists take images and symbols from the tradition of El Día de los Muertos and incorporate it into their artwork especially the image of a skull. The satirical cartoonist and illustrator Jose Guadalupe Posada influenced many of today’s images of skulls. Posada created his skull drawings as a mockery of the social elite. Similarly the use of the skull symbol today is meant to reflect the eventuality of death while mocking it at the same time by showing that one does not fear it.
Lowcountry local tattoo artist, Lalo Lopez talks about his vast experience with ink and the idea of Mictlan. He says “many people request these kinds of tattoos simply for the style and expression of a very old cultural art form, but some people want to be tattooed as an offering to Santa Muerte as a simultaneous request for and thanks to her for granting them miracles such as love, health and prosperity…it’s a reincarnation of a cultural idea.”
While many of Posada’s engravings were formed in black in white, many of today’s skull tattoos contain bright colors and intricate details. These colors and details are only meant to mock death further, symbolizing it as a festive event that one should celebrate. Just as El Día de los Muertos is a celebration of death, many tattoos within Hispanic culture find inspiration from Aztec culture to honor and celebrate the idea of death.

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ACLU of South Carolina Racial Profiling Questionnaire

In the wake of all of the recent developments in immigration law and the impending impact of SB20, the new anti-immigrant law set to take effect in January 2012, the ACLU of South Carolina has released a tool to help combat racial profiling. A questionnaire has been developed and distributed with the purpose of gathering feedback on personal encounters with law enforcement.
The questionnaires are designed to document incidents or complaints by those who feel they have been unfairly singled out by law enforcement because of their race or ethnic background. They are used by the ACLU and other organizations to establish the scope and types of problems with profiling. Victoria Middleton, Executive Director of the ACLU of South Carolina said that by collecting this information, the ACLU hopes to “gain a clear perspective on how widespread the racial profiling problem might be, where it occurs with greater frequency and what kinds of profiling incidents are common.” They are also on the lookout for individual stories that may be particularly striking.
The form will help the ACLU of SC collect much-needed data about the prevalence, patterns and characteristics of racial or ethnic profiling by state, county and local police agencies but the ACLU is not an immigration agency and cannot promise that information provided through these forms will lead to any specific action on their part. It is, however, possible that some people may receive requests from the ACLU to use the information they have provided for legislative testimony, litigation or reporting to the media, but never without permission.
The forms are currently available only in English but the ACLU is relying on the help of bilingual volunteers to help with translations and wants to encourage those who choose to fill out a questionnaire to do so in English with the help of an interpreter. They are available online and at area restaurants, stores and churches. They are also being distributed at community events. All personal information provided in completed questionnaires is completely confidential and the forms may be submitted by mail or fax only.

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The Grinch Who Stole Thanksgiving

by: Kimberly Piston

Aside from turkey and cranberry sauce, Thanksgiving evokes thoughts and images of the Pilgrims, The Mayflower and Plymouth Rock for most Americans but there is considerable debate over when and how the real first Thanksgiving actually took place. The notion that the history of Thanksgiving may actually belong to Hispanics was first reported by Dr. Michael V. Gannon, historian and professor from the University of Florida. Gannon asserted that it was a group of Spanish explorers and not Pilgrims who celebrated the first Thanksgiving in the New
World on September 8th 1565… nearly 56 years before the Pilgrims ate their first Thanksgiving meal.
According to Gannon in his 1965 book “The Cross in the Sand” which chronicles the early centuries of the Catholic church in Florida, the nation’s first Thanksgiving was actually a Catholic Mass which took place in St. Augustine when explorer Pedro Menendez de Aviles along with 800 Spanish settlers shared in celebration of thanks. The Mass was conducted by Father Francisco Lopez de Mendoza Grajales and reportedly was the first official prayer service of thanksgiving in a permanent North American settlement by Europeans. Following the religious service, Menendez and the settlers shared a communal meal with the Seloy natives who occupied their landing site at the time. Of equal debate is what the actual fist Thanksgiving meal was comprised of. Gannon said that Menendez and his followers probably dined on cocido – a traditional Spanish stew made from salted pork, garbanzo beans and vegetables. Other possible dishes may have included seafood beans and maize.
So why the confusion and debate? Gannon says simply that “It is the victors who write the histories. England won out over Spain for the mastery of the North American continent, so the early English ceremonies achieved wide currency in history books and eclipsed our knowledge of the earlier Spanish celebrations on Thanksgiving.” Regardless of who wrote the history books, the reaction from people of Massachusetts was clear and unanimous when they officially nicknamed Dr. Michael V. Gannon as “The Grinch Who Stole Thanksgiving”. New Englanders have their Pilgrims but Hispanics have Gannon the “Grinch”, who just may have helped them reclaim part of their history here in the United States.

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It’s a great day to challenge

South Carolina and SB20
By: Carol Chacón

If a law is unfair and violates people’s human rights, people shouldn’t obey it.
This is the conviction of a group of U.S. citizens and non-profit organizations including the Lowcountry Immigration Coalition who want to support immigrants living in South Carolina. To this end, the group is one of the plaintiffs against the state of South Carolina and Governer Nikki Haley challenging the new anti-immigrant law known as SB20.
“If a law foments hate, it’s immoral and should be struck down,” said retired U.S. Army Lieutenant General (LTG) Claudia Kennedy, a member of the Lowcountry Immigration Coalition. This local group works to promote comprehensive immigration reform, including a path to citizen ship for undocumented immigrants who meet certain criteria.
The South Carolina law SB20, which was approved in February 2011 and takes effect on Jan. 1, 2012, is similar to Arizona’s law SB1070 and is considered one of the strongest anti-immigrant laws in the country. The SC law permits law enforcement officials to investigate the immigration status of anyone suspected of committing a crime, and to communicate directly with the federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement Agency (ICE) when the local officials suspect they have detained an undocumented immigrant. Many people—including attorneys who specialize in immigration law—consider SB20 to be unconstitutional, unfair and too costly for the state.
“This law institutionalizes racism,” said George Kanuck of Bluffton, civil rights activist and co-chair of the Lowcountry Immigration Coalition. He compared the current situation facing Latinos in South Carolina to the struggle during past decades for the civil rights of African-Americans.
The lawsuit against SB20 was presented by the Southern Poverty Law Center, the American Civil Liberties Union (National and SC chapter) and the Appleseed Legal Justice Center in Columbia. Federal officials have said that the case will be heard by a federal court in Charleston in the next few months. Craig Dobson, a Hilton Head Island immigration attorney and member of LIC, said the plaintiffs’ first objective is to obtain an injunction to postpone the implementation of the law. “Eventually, the Supreme Court will hear the case”, Dobson said.
SB20 calls for the creation of a special law enforcement organization—basically, a local immigration police with 12 officers--that will monitor compliance with immigration laws and can check the immigration status of anyone who is stopped, even for a minor offense such as a traffic violation. The law also makes it a felony to carry false immigration documents or to transport an undocumented immigrant in one’s personal vehicle. Under SB20, businesses must verify the immigration status of their employees using the E-Verify system, or face fines and possible loss of their business license or temporary closure.
The LIC and others who support immigrants say that SB20 encourages 
law enforcement officials to use stereotypes or racial profiling to decide when they will request proof of immigration status. This same type of mentality will ripple down to the everyday citizen who dose not understand immigration or immigrants. The majority of U.S. citizens have no idea that SB20 exists, and “if they knew, they would be horrified,” said Eric Esquivel, owner of this magazine and co-chair of the Lowcountry Immigration Coalition.
In addition to the new state law, in the last few years the civil rights of Hispanics have been violated by law enforcement efforts in Ridgeland and Hardeeville, and in some instances by Beaufort County’s Full Employment Act of 2008, according to LIC. By challenging the state over SB20, the Coalition hopes to send a “clear message to local officials,” Esquivel said.

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Charleston and the Legend of Chicora

by: Dennis Adams

The English port of Charleston would have made a splendid gem in Spain’s royal crown. Capturing a heavily fortified city on the South Carolina coast would have strengthened the Spanish foothold on North America. Revenge was another motive, for the English attacks on Spanish Saint Augustine in Florida in 1702 and 1706. Although both attacks were utter failures that caused the invaders heavy debt, the Spanish feared a third assault.
In 1706, a large Spanish fleet sailed from Florida to Charleston. A small boarding party came ashore after a demand for the city’s surrender. The English quickly captured the group, while the Spanish fleet in the harbor began to flee. Most ships escaped, but the English captured a number of vessels.
The Spanish, however, were the first Europeans to set foot in the Carolinas, which they always considered the northernmost lands of their colony of Florida. In 1526, Lucas Vásquez de Ayllón founded San Miguel de Guadalupe, the first European settlement in the present-day United States. The conquistador had sailed from the island of Hispaniola (modern Dominican Republic) in the Caribbean to Winyah Bay, about 60 miles north of the future port of Charleston. The settlement failed three months after food and other supplies ran out, and the Indians refused to help the sick and starving colonists.
For Ayllón, the Carolinas were an eastern El Dorado, which promised gold and unimaginable riches. The Spanish also captured as many Indian slaves as their ships could carry. One such captive was baptized “Francisco Chicora” and quickly learned to speak Spanish. When Ayllón took Francisco to Spain, the Indian fascinated the royal court with stories of men with long, snakelike. Hearing that this “Land of Chicora” was rich in nature and every kind of treasure, the King Charles V paid for an expedition, which would also seek a shortcut to the Spice Islands (the Moluccas in the East Indies). But no sooner had Francisco Chicora set foot again on the shores of Winyah Bay that he escaped forever into the swamps.